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The Social Theories of Lewis Henry Morgan

The Social Theories of Lewis Henry Morgan

Tabea Tietz
On November 21, 1818, pioneering American anthropologist and social theorist Lewis Henry Morgan was born. Morgan is best known for his work on kinship and social structure, his theories of social evolution, and his ethnography of the Iroquois. Interested in what holds societies together, he proposed the concept that the earliest human domestic institution was the matrilineal clan, not the patriarchal family. Lewis Henry Morgan – American Anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan was born…
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social science
William Isaac Thomas and the Thomas Theorem

William Isaac Thomas and the Thomas Theorem

Harald Sack
On August 13, 1863, American sociologist William Isaac Thomas was born. Thomas developed innovative work on the sociology of migration and went on to formulate a fundamental principle of sociology, known as the Thomas theorem, in which he contended that, “If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences“. William Isaac Thomas – Early Years William Isaac Thomas was born in Russell County, Virginia to Sarah Price Thomas and…
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psychology
Gustave le Bon and the Behaviour of the Crowd

Gustave le Bon and the Behaviour of the Crowd

Tabea Tietz
On May 7, 1841, French social psychologist, sociologist, anthropologist, inventor, and amateur physicist Gustave le Bon was born. Le Bon is best known for his study of the psychological characteristics of crowds, The Crowd, Study of Popular Mind. His writings incorporate theories of national traits, racial and male superiority, herd behavior and crowd psychology. “Logical minds, accustomed to being convinced by a chain of somewhat close reasoning, cannot avoid having recourse to this mode of…
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philosophy
Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism

Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism

Tabea Tietz
On April 27, 1820, English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era Herbert Spencer was born. Spencer is best known for the expression “survival of the fittest“, which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864), after reading Charles Darwin‘s On the Origin of Species.[4] This term strongly suggests natural selection, yet as Spencer extended evolution into realms of sociology and ethics, he also made use…
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philosophy
John Locke and the Importance of the Social Contract

John Locke and the Importance of the Social Contract

Harald Sack
On August 29, 1632, English philosopher and physician John Locke was born. One of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers he became known as the “Father of Classical Liberalism“. He spent over 20 years developing the ideas he published in his most significant work, Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) which analyzed the nature of human reason, and promoted experimentation as the basis of knowledge. “To love truth for truth’s sake is the…
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social science
Niklas Luhmann’s Theory of Social Systems

Niklas Luhmann’s Theory of Social Systems

Tabea Tietz
On December 8, 1927, German sociologist, philosopher of social science, and a prominent thinker in systems theory Niklas Luhmann was born. As the most important German-speaking representative of sociological systems theory and sociocybernetics, Luhmann is one of the classics of the social sciences in the 20th century. “Does knowledge rest on construction in the sense that it only functions because the knowing system is operatively closed, therefore: because it can maintain no operative…
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social science
Sociological Revolutionary – Émile Durkheim

Sociological Revolutionary – Émile Durkheim

Tabea Tietz
On November 15, 1917, French sociologist David Émile Durkheim passed away. Durkheim formally established the academic discipline and — with W.E.B. Du Bois, Karl Marx and Max Weber — is commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science. “For if society lacks the unity that derives from the fact that the relationships between its parts are exactly regulated, that unity resulting from the harmonious articulation of its various functions assured by effective…
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social science
Max Weber – one of the Founders of Sociology

Max Weber – one of the Founders of Sociology

Tabea Tietz
On April 21, 1864, German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist Max Weber was born. Max Weber‘s ideas profoundly influenced social theory and social research. Weber is often cited, with Émile Durkheim [3] and Karl Marx,[4] as among the three founders of sociology. “The capacity to distinguish between empirical knowledge and value-judgments, and the fulfillment of the scientific duty to see the factual truth as well as the practical duty to stand up for…
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economics
Henry Charles Carey and his Influence on U.S. Economy

Henry Charles Carey and his Influence on U.S. Economy

Tabea Tietz
On December 15, 1793, 19th-century economist of the American School of capitalism Henry Charles Carey was born. Carey was chief economic adviser to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Family Background and Life Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Henry James Carey succeeded his father Mathew Careyin his publishing company, who was an Irish influential economist, political reformer, editor, and publisher, and who had gone into exile for political reasons. In 1821 Carey took over the management…
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social science
Robert Redfield and the Folk-Urban Continuum

Robert Redfield and the Folk-Urban Continuum

Harald Sack
On December 4, 1897, American anthropologist and ethnolinguist Robert Redfield was born. Redfield‘s ethnographic work in Tepoztlán, Mexico is considered a landmark Latin American ethnography. From his studies of Mexican communities, Redfield developed a theory (1956) of a folk-urban continuum, to account for the differences between folk society and urban society. Early Years Robert Redfield was the son-in-law of University of Chicago sociologist Robert E. Park. In 1923 he and his wife…
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